独立组件分析是一种无监督的学习方法，用于从多元信号或数据矩阵计算独立组件（IC）。基于权重矩阵与多元数据矩阵的乘法进行评估。这项研究提出了一个新型的Memristor横杆阵列，用于实施ACY ICA和快速ICA，以用于盲源分离。数据输入以脉冲宽度调制电压的形式应用于横梁阵列，并且已实现的神经网络的重量存储在Memristor中。来自Memristor列的输出电荷用于计算重量更新，该重量更新是通过电压高于Memristor SET/RESET电压执行的。为了证明其潜在应用，采用了基于ICA架构的基于ICA架构的拟议的Memristor横杆阵列用于图像源分离问题。实验结果表明，所提出的方法非常有效地分离图像源，并且与常规ACY的基于软件的ACY实施相比，与结构相似性的百分比相比，结构相似性的百分比为67.27％，图像的对比度得到了改进。 ICA和快速ICA算法。

Existing federated classification algorithms typically assume the local annotations at every client cover the same set of classes. In this paper, we aim to lift such an assumption and focus on a more general yet practical non-IID setting where every client can work on non-identical and even disjoint sets of classes (i.e., client-exclusive classes), and the clients have a common goal which is to build a global classification model to identify the union of these classes. Such heterogeneity in client class sets poses a new challenge: how to ensure different clients are operating in the same latent space so as to avoid the drift after aggregation? We observe that the classes can be described in natural languages (i.e., class names) and these names are typically safe to share with all parties. Thus, we formulate the classification problem as a matching process between data representations and class representations and break the classification model into a data encoder and a label encoder. We leverage the natural-language class names as the common ground to anchor the class representations in the label encoder. In each iteration, the label encoder updates the class representations and regulates the data representations through matching. We further use the updated class representations at each round to annotate data samples for locally-unaware classes according to similarity and distill knowledge to local models. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that the proposed method can outperform various classical and state-of-the-art federated learning methods designed for learning with non-IID data.

我们解决了受控生成小分子的任务，该任务需要在某些约束（例如，与参考分子相似）下找到具有所需特性的新分子。在这里，我们介绍了Molmim，这是一种用于学习信息丰富且聚集的潜在空间的小分子药物发现的概率自动编码器。 Molmim通过共同信息机（MIM）学习训练，并提供可变长度微笑字符串的固定长度表示。由于编码器模型可以通过无效样品的``孔''来学习表示形式，因此我们在这里提出了训练程序的新型扩展，该过程促进了促进密集的潜在空间，并允许模型从潜在代码的随机扰动中采样有效分子。我们提供了Molmim与几个可变大小和固定尺寸的编码器模型的彻底比较，这表明了Molmim的上一代，如有效性，独特性和新颖性而言。然后，我们利用CMA-E，一种天真的黑盒和无梯度的搜索算法，是Molmim的潜在空间来实现属性引导分子优化的任务。我们实现了最新的单个属性优化任务以及多目标优化的具有挑战性的任务，从而提高了先前的成功率SOTA超过5 \％。我们将强有力的结果归因于莫尔米姆的潜在表示，这些表示在潜在空间中聚集了相似的分子，而CMA-ES通常用作基线优化方法。我们还证明了莫尔米姆在计算有限的制度中有利，使其成为这种情况的有吸引力的模型。

Designing experiments often requires balancing between learning about the true treatment effects and earning from allocating more samples to the superior treatment. While optimal algorithms for the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem (MABP) provide allocation policies that optimally balance learning and earning, they tend to be computationally expensive. The Gittins Index (GI) is a solution to the MABP that can simultaneously attain optimality and computationally efficiency goals, and it has been recently used in experiments with Bernoulli and Gaussian rewards. For the first time, we present a modification of the GI rule that can be used in experiments with exponentially-distributed rewards. We report its performance in simulated 2- armed and 3-armed experiments. Compared to traditional non-adaptive designs, our novel GI modified design shows operating characteristics comparable in learning (e.g. statistical power) but substantially better in earning (e.g. direct benefits). This illustrates the potential that designs using a GI approach to allocate participants have to improve participant benefits, increase efficiencies, and reduce experimental costs in adaptive multi-armed experiments with exponential rewards.

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Modelling and forecasting real-life human behaviour using online social media is an active endeavour of interest in politics, government, academia, and industry. Since its creation in 2006, Twitter has been proposed as a potential laboratory that could be used to gauge and predict social behaviour. During the last decade, the user base of Twitter has been growing and becoming more representative of the general population. Here we analyse this user base in the context of the 2021 Mexican Legislative Election. To do so, we use a dataset of 15 million election-related tweets in the six months preceding election day. We explore different election models that assign political preference to either the ruling parties or the opposition. We find that models using data with geographical attributes determine the results of the election with better precision and accuracy than conventional polling methods. These results demonstrate that analysis of public online data can outperform conventional polling methods, and that political analysis and general forecasting would likely benefit from incorporating such data in the immediate future. Moreover, the same Twitter dataset with geographical attributes is positively correlated with results from official census data on population and internet usage in Mexico. These findings suggest that we have reached a period in time when online activity, appropriately curated, can provide an accurate representation of offline behaviour.

This is paper for the smooth function approximation by neural networks (NN). Mathematical or physical functions can be replaced by NN models through regression. In this study, we get NNs that generate highly accurate and highly smooth function, which only comprised of a few weight parameters, through discussing a few topics about regression. First, we reinterpret inside of NNs for regression; consequently, we propose a new activation function--integrated sigmoid linear unit (ISLU). Then special charateristics of metadata for regression, which is different from other data like image or sound, is discussed for improving the performance of neural networks. Finally, the one of a simple hierarchical NN that generate models substituting mathematical function is presented, and the new batch concept ``meta-batch" which improves the performance of NN several times more is introduced. The new activation function, meta-batch method, features of numerical data, meta-augmentation with metaparameters, and a structure of NN generating a compact multi-layer perceptron(MLP) are essential in this study.

The existing methods for video anomaly detection mostly utilize videos containing identifiable facial and appearance-based features. The use of videos with identifiable faces raises privacy concerns, especially when used in a hospital or community-based setting. Appearance-based features can also be sensitive to pixel-based noise, straining the anomaly detection methods to model the changes in the background and making it difficult to focus on the actions of humans in the foreground. Structural information in the form of skeletons describing the human motion in the videos is privacy-protecting and can overcome some of the problems posed by appearance-based features. In this paper, we present a survey of privacy-protecting deep learning anomaly detection methods using skeletons extracted from videos. We present a novel taxonomy of algorithms based on the various learning approaches. We conclude that skeleton-based approaches for anomaly detection can be a plausible privacy-protecting alternative for video anomaly detection. Lastly, we identify major open research questions and provide guidelines to address them.

The Government of Kerala had increased the frequency of supply of free food kits owing to the pandemic, however, these items were static and not indicative of the personal preferences of the consumers. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of various clustering techniques on a scaled-down version of a real-world dataset obtained through a conjoint analysis-based survey. Clustering carried out by centroid-based methods such as k means is analyzed and the results are plotted along with SVD, and finally, a conclusion is reached as to which among the two is better. Once the clusters have been formulated, commodities are also decided upon for each cluster. Also, clustering is further enhanced by reassignment, based on a specific cluster loss threshold. Thus, the most efficacious clustering technique for designing a food kit tailored to the needs of individuals is finally obtained.

Machine learning-based segmentation in medical imaging is widely used in clinical applications from diagnostics to radiotherapy treatment planning. Segmented medical images with ground truth are useful for investigating the properties of different segmentation performance metrics to inform metric selection. Regular geometrical shapes are often used to synthesize segmentation errors and illustrate properties of performance metrics, but they lack the complexity of anatomical variations in real images. In this study, we present a tool to emulate segmentations by adjusting the reference (truth) masks of anatomical objects extracted from real medical images. Our tool is designed to modify the defined truth contours and emulate different types of segmentation errors with a set of user-configurable parameters. We defined the ground truth objects from 230 patient images in the Glioma Image Segmentation for Radiotherapy (GLIS-RT) database. For each object, we used our segmentation synthesis tool to synthesize 10 versions of segmentation (i.e., 10 simulated segmentors or algorithms), where each version has a pre-defined combination of segmentation errors. We then applied 20 performance metrics to evaluate all synthetic segmentations. We demonstrated the properties of these metrics, including their ability to capture specific types of segmentation errors. By analyzing the intrinsic properties of these metrics and categorizing the segmentation errors, we are working toward the goal of developing a decision-tree tool for assisting in the selection of segmentation performance metrics.